RISK FACTOR FOR PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN MILITARY BASE HOSPITAL

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RISK FACTOR FOR PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN MILITARY BASE HOSPITAL

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia in Eastern Africa

Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by pathogenic micro-organisms.1-3 It is one of the most common illnesses affecting children globally. The incidence and mortality of pneumonia are highest in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries. Most cases of pneumonia could be self– limiting, however, a percentage of children; particularly those younger than five years may develop complication due to virulence of the pathogen and/or host susceptibility. Complications have been notably increasing in all ages, and many of these complications often worsen pneumonia outcome. There are very few data highlighting pneumonia complications and the associated factors particularly among children in south-western Nigeria.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in risk factor for pneumonia in children under 5 years in military base hospital

Objectives of the study
To determine the pattern of pneumonia complications and its associated factors among children aged 1 – 5 years
.To understand the effect of pneumonia on public health among children in Nigeria
To understand the impact of current treatment methods of pneumonia among children of age 1-5

Research questions
What is the pattern of pneumonia complications and its associated factors among children aged 1 – 5 years
What is the effect of pneumonia on public health among children in Nigeria.
What is the impact of current treatment methods of pneumonia among children of age 1-5