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TOLERANCE OF SOYABEAN (Glycine max (L.)Merr.), COWPEA (Vigna unreuiculata (L.) Walp.), GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) AND BAMBARANUT (Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou.) TO IMAZETHAPYR
ABSTRACT
The tolerance of selected leguminous crops namely: Soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Var, Samsoy-2)f cowpea (Vigna unguiculatq. (L. ) Walp., Var. Sampea-7), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L., Var. Samnut-8) and bambaranut (Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou., Var. “Gurjiya” )to pre-emergence application of imaze thapyr ( ( + )-5-ethyl-2- (4~isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid) was studied in the screenhouse and field at Samaru (11o , 11o N; 7o, 38’E) in the northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria, during the 1992 wet season. The soil was of sandy loam texture, having a pH of 4.7 and 0 . 5 4% organic carbon. Imazethapyr at 0.15 – 1.00kg a.i/ha in the screenhouse and 0.05 – 0.60kg a.i/ha in the field did not affect crop emergence and establishment. Rates of 0.05 – 0.23kg a.i/ha were the most tolerated treatments and resulted in greater yields than higher rates. While the herbicide was moderately tolerated at 0.30 – 0.45 kg a.i/ha, 0.50 – 1.0kg a.i/ha caused severe injury in the legumes. The crops exhibited differential response to imazethapyr. Soyabean and groundnut were more sensitive to lower rates of imazethapyr than cowpea and bambaranut. While the performance of the ollcropssoyabean and groundnut-became significantly depressed by imazethapyr at 0.35kg a.i/ha and above. Significant depression in the performance of the non-oilcrops-cowpea and bambaranut- occurred at 0.45kg a.i/ha and above However, the maximum tolerance level of imazethapyr for groundnut, soyabean, cowpea and bambaranut were obtained at 0.18, 0.19, 0.19 and 0.24 kg a.i/ha, respectively. The most sensitive parameter in soyabean and cowpea was days to 50% flowering, while those of groundnut and bambaranut were grain yield and crop vigour score at 20 DAS, respectively. Grain yield of soyabean, groundnut and bambaranut were negatively correlated with herbicide injury score and number of days to 50°/o flowering and positively correlated with crop vigour score, shoot dry weight, pod yield and 100-grain/seed weight.
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