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THE INFLUENCE OF NEW MEDIA ON CONVENTIONAL JOURNALISM PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the influence of new media on conventional journalism practice in nigeria.

The advances in new media technologies are an effective catalyst for change across the globe. These technologies have not only radically improved the mode, accuracy and speed of message production and transfer; they have also redefined the concept of broadcasting. However, it remains increasingly difficult to ascertain the place of broadcasting in a world that is overloaded with information. In order to generate data for the study, the survey research method was used to collate relevant data for the study. Findings from the analyzed data show that new media technologies have had a significant influence in output of the stations under study. The problems of lack of technical know-how cost of acquiring these equipment remains the barriers to their effectiveness. Base on the findings, the study recommends, that the government should reduce value added tax on new media equipment, as this will help reduce the overall cost of the equipment in order to lessen the stations financial burdens. New media technologies have the capability to further the scope of broadcasting by broadening their horizon and making Nigeria broadcasting a world contender. This can only be achieved if the broadcast media go out of their way to procure new and better facilities. Attempts should be made to educate old and prospective broadcasters through the use of workshops, symposia, seminars and training courses.

TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Research Questions

1.6 Research Hypothesis

1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition

1.8 Assumptions

1.9 Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sources of Literature

2.2 The Review

2.3 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Research Sample

3.4 Measuring Instrument

3.5 Data Collection

3.6 Data Analysis

3.7 Expected Result

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Data Analysis

4.2 Results

4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

5.2 Recommendations for Further Study

References

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

As the world grows complex and sophisticated, new media technologies are invented. The invention of new media technologies has always been a catalyst for change in the broadcast industry. This change can be attributed to the introduction of new media technologies in broadcasting occasioned by giant technological advancement.

The advancement in media technologies has cut the barrier of time and space in our broadcast industry; it has also made communication easier and more democratic and the creation and distribution of media content easier. No wonder Defleur and Dennis (1991: 229) observed that:

Technology has always been a metaphor for change in media industry. As far back as Gutenberg, it was technology: the movable type that spurred change. Later, fast printing presses, the telegraph, zinc engraving, modern photography, radio, television, fibre optics, and other technologies heralded new developments for media and their audience.

The emergence of new media technologies and the imaginative applications of these new technologies and older technologies make it possible for the society to be more informed. It also makes information processing, delivery, storage and retrieval easier. As the world strives towards globalization, the new media technologies are believed to be a great facilitator of this move.

Nsude (2004:102) believes that the human family is disunited and fragmented into nations and cultures with conflicting interest and perceptions and there is need therefore for a more united world. Throughout history, new media and new forms of media delivery have continually appeared. Today we have witnessed the arrival of a global community brought about by advances in communication technologies. This has invariably brought to fore the concept of globalization. Marshal McLuhan, a Canadian Scholar, who foresaw the effect of

technological change in communication, said that the human society has been restored to a

„global village‟. The concept of global village assumes that “communication technology” now work like the nervous system in the human family. Messages could be sent and received with surprising speed. This therefore has shrunk the world into a smaller place not because of a contraction in landmass, but due to the marvels in communication technologies.

Baran (2009:314) citing McLuhan states:

The media permit us to experience the world with a scope and depth otherwise impossible. Media, then, are extension of our bodies. Just as clothes are an extension of our skin, permitting us to wander farther from our warm caves into the cold world; just as the automobile is an extension of our feet, enabling us to travel farther we could ever walk; television extends our vision and hearing, and computers extend our central nervous system. With television we can see and hear around the world, beyond the galaxy, into the future, and into the past. Computers process, sort, categorize, reconfigure, and clarify.

The new media technologies play functional roles and make tremendous contributions to the day to day running of the broadcast industry and society. Each advance in communication increases our power to convey and record information, and each has played a role in prompting significant changes in our culture and society. It is difficult to digest fully the influence of one medium before another comes on the scene. Prior to the arrival of new media technologies, broadcasting equipment has been mechanical or analogue in nature. These mechanical states of the equipment hinder effective production and dissemination of news and information. Even the transmission of broadcast signals was often affected by wave interference, hedges and unclear signals. The reception of signals was largely limited to the carrying capacity of the transmitter. The arrival of the computer has had enormous influence in the production process in the broadcast industry. The computer has put tremendous speed on news reporting and editing making the process almost instantaneous. This process lays a strong emphasis on accuracy as Agba (2001:3) citing Swinton (1974) observes, “You cannot catch up with an error in an era of satellite circuits and high speed wires” in today‟s

cyberspace, high-tech age, the computer has reduced, if not completely removed, the difficulties in the production of media products through the electronic system. For instance, in the past, the production and distribution process in a broadcast industry involved clear definitive steps and employed manual labour. Today, studies have revealed that broadcast industry especially in Europe and North America not only gather information but also have their stories written using computers. This modern technology eliminates the need for compositors to type because reporters have done the key stroking and the story already exists in an electronic form. In addition, many reporters run their stories through computers that correct spelling and grammar. Also editors plan the pages of stories on computers, further reducing the need for compositors.

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