CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA AND THE CONFLICT OF LEGITIMACY-IMPLICATIONS OIN NATIONAL SECURITY

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CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA AND THE CONFLICT OF LEGITIMACY-IMPLICATIONS OIN NATIONAL SECURITY

ABSTRACT

Elections play a pivotal role in the democratic process, serving as a fundamental mechanism for citizens to express their political will. In Nigeria, a country with a diverse sociopolitical landscape, the conduct of elections holds significant implications for national security. This study aims to critically examine the multifaceted impact of electoral processes on the security landscape of Nigeria.

This research is about the conduct of elections and its effect on national security. The study was geared at determining distinct objectives. These are to establish the relationship between conduct of election and national security. Thereafter, the nature of Nigeria electoral process would be examined. The implications of electoral process on the national security were then established. Finally ways of enhancing the conduct of elections in Nigeria were proffered.

The research will employ a comprehensive approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the historical context, challenges, and consequences associated with elections in the Nigerian context. The primary focus will be on understanding how the conduct of elections influences and shapes national security dynamics.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Context

Nigeria, as the most populous country in Africa, has experienced a complex political history marked by transitions between military and civilian rule. The conduct of elections, a fundamental component of the democratic process, has played a crucial role in shaping the nation’s political landscape. Since the return to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria has witnessed a series of elections at various levels of government. However, the conduct of these elections has been marred by challenges ranging from electoral violence to allegations of corruption and malpractices, all of which have significant implications for the nation’s security.

The Electoral process in many developing African democracies including Nigeria is faced with the challenge of attaining legitimacy through free, fair, credible and violent free elections. The Nigerian democratic project has been enmeshed in violence and has become a recurrent phenomenon even though in modern times genuine democracy is associated with peaceful and credible elections. Voter participation in the electoral process is hampered by widespread violence and feeling of insecurity capable of resulting in low participation and abstention. Increasing academic interest has been attached to electoral participation in the established and developing democracies. Various works

Godstime Osariyekemwen IGIEBOR, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

by scholars ((Skocpol & Morris, 1999; Dalton 1998, 2006; Norris 1999, 2010) have expressed concern over the seeming decline in the levels of citizens’ engagement in electoral activities as well as the low level of confidence placed on democratic institutions. Pharr and Putnam (2000, p. 18) note that “it is an irony that just at the moment when liberal democracy has defeated all its enemies on the battlefields of ideology and politics, many people in the established democracies believe that their political institutions are not performing well.”

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The conduct of elections in Nigeria has been characterized by numerous issues that raise concerns about the stability and security of the nation. Electoral violence, corruption, and disputes have emerged as recurrent challenges, threatening the democratic ideals that elections aim to uphold. Understanding the implications of these challenges on national security is critical for both policymakers and scholars. This research aims to analyze the multifaceted problems associated with the conduct of elections in Nigeria and to assess their impact on the overall security of the nation.

1.3 Research Objectives

The primary objectives of this study are:

To examine the historical evolution of elections in Nigeria, with a focus on the post-1999 era.

To identify and analyze the challenges and issues related to the conduct of elections in Nigeria.

To assess the implications of electoral violence, corruption, and disputes on national security.

To explore the existing mechanisms and frameworks for addressing challenges in the electoral process.

To provide recommendations for enhancing the conduct of elections and mitigating security implications in Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions

The research is guided by the following key questions:

What are the historical developments in the conduct of elections in Nigeria since 1999?

What are the major challenges associated with the conduct of elections in Nigeria?

How do electoral violence, corruption, and disputes impact national security in Nigeria?

What mechanisms and frameworks are in place to address challenges in the electoral process?

What recommendations can be proposed to improve the conduct of elections and enhance national security?

1.5 Justification of the Study

The significance of this research lies in its potential to contribute to academic scholarship, policy formulation, and practical interventions aimed at improving the conduct of elections in Nigeria. By exploring the implications of electoral challenges on national security, the study seeks to provide insights that can inform decision-making processes, enhance electoral integrity, and contribute to the overall stability of the nation.

1.6 Structure of the Thesis

The thesis is organized into chapters that sequentially address the research objectives. Chapter Two provides a comprehensive literature review, examining existing knowledge on the conduct of elections and its implications on national security. Subsequent chapters delve into empirical research, analysis, and discussions, leading to conclusions and recommendations in the final chapter.

In summary, this introductory chapter provides a foundation for understanding the importance of investigating the conduct of elections in Nigeria and its far-reaching implications on national security. The subsequent chapters will illuminate various facets of this complex issue through a detailed exploration of historical, theoretical, and practical dimensions.

1.8 Research Hypothesis

H0: There is a no relationship between conducts of elections in Nigeria and Nigeria national security

H1: There is a relationship between conducts of elections in Nigeria and Nigeria national security

H0: Electoral conduct does not have a significant effect on Nigeria’s national security.

H1: Electoral conduct have a significant effect on Nigeria’s national security.

1.9 Definition of terms

Security: The state of being or feeling secure; freedom from fear, anxiety, danger, doubt, etc.; state or sense of safety or certainty

Elections:

The formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting.

Electoral Reforms:

Electoral change can only be referred to as reform if its primary goal is to improve electoral processes, for example, through fostering enhanced impartiality.

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