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THE EFFCT OF ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS ANESTHESIA IN RAT EXTREMITIES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Pain arising from inflammatory conditions is often treated with agents that inhibit the immune response, such as corticosteroids, or modulators of the inflammatory cascade, such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Dequeker 1999). These drugs are associated with substantial adverse effects and risks with long-term use, ranging from gastrointestinal (GI) insult to opportunistic infections, and osteoporosis (Hirschowitz 1994; Dequeker 1999). While opioid receptor agonists have limited or, more likely, poorly understood antiinflammatory action, they remain useful effective analgesic agents in these conditions. However, respiratory depression, sedation, and constipation remain as dose-limiting side effects after systemic administration of this drug class. Tolerance, while not a common occurrence, can develop during long-term use (Sessle and Henry 1985; Mansour et al 1988; Marinangeli et al 2004; Jensen et al 2005).
- Statement of the problem
There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in the effect of endogenous opioids anesthesia in rat extremities
- Objectives of the study
- To understand the impact of endogenous opioids anesthesia in rat extremities
- To understand the relationship between endogenous opioids and anesthesia in rat extremities
- Research questions
- What is the impact of endogenous opioids anesthesia in rat extremities
- What is the relationship between relationship between endogenous opioids and anesthesia in rat extremities
- Research hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between relationship between endogenous opioids and anesthesia in rat extremities
H1: There is a relationship between relationship between endogenous opioids and anesthesia in rat extremities
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