ATTENTION

BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!

INFORMATION:

YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420

WHATSAPP US ON  08137701720

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CATTLE REARER’S ACTIVITIES ON CROP FARMERS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to assess the economic effect of cattle rearers activities on crop farmers in Kogi State. Incidentally, the agricultural sector in Nigeria, particularly in Kogi State, has not been doing so well. Output has failed to keep pace with the rising population pressure. Similar studies have also been carried out on Fulani herdsmen but none addressed the economic effects of cattle rearers activities on crop farms in Kogi State, hence the existence of the knowledge gap which this study hope to fill. This and other economic issues was what this study addressed. In carrying out the study, survey research design was adopted. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. One local government area (LGA) was selected purposively from each of the four agricultural zone in the state based on its predominance in farmer-header conflict. In the second stage, from each of the four LGA, four villages were purposively selected, this gave a total of 16 villages. For a proportionate sampling, the third stage was a random selection of 160 farmers, consisting of 50 farmers each from Dekina and Ibaji, and 30 farmers each from Kaba/Bunu and Adavi respectively. This was because from the reconnaissance survey carried out, there were more crop farmers in Ibaji and Dekina than in Kaba/Bunu and Adavi.  Primary data were generated by using a set of structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Agricultural Economics, university of Nigeria, Nsukka. And test of reliability was carried out using split-half method in which a reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained. Data generated were analysed with multiple regression analysis. Some results were presented using descriptive statistics. From the data analysed, the study found that Seventy percent of the respondents opined that destruction of crops (mean=3.83),competition for land (mean = 3.60),indiscriminate bush burning(mean = 3.48),stray cattle into crop farms(mean = 3.45)  disregard for traditional authorities (mean = 3.41),contamination of streams (mean = 3.34) and sexual harassment of women by herdsmen (mean = 2.76) were the main reason for farmer-header conflict while loss of land (mean = 3.66), loss of crops (mean = 3.65), loss of properties (mean = 3.53),reduction in output (mean = 3.53), scarcity of food items (mean = 3.40), loss of produce in storage (mean = 3.37) and inability to repay loan (mean = 3.32) were the major agricultural losses incurred by the farmers. Similarly, level of education (p<0.01) positively affected farmers income while factors such as fear of going to farm as a result of conflict (p<0.05), size of crop farm lost to conflict (p<0.01), uncontrolled grazing (p<0.05), loss of crops (p<0.05) and female sexual harassment (p<0.05) were inversely related to farmers income. Eighty percent of the respondents used compensation from State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) as the most viable form of coping strategy. Similarly, 70% of farmers used assistance from relations to ameliorate the effects of conflict, while acceptance of conflict situation as an act of fate was found to be the most (70%) commonly used emotion-oriented coping strategy by the crop farmers.  The major strategies for resolving conflict include compensation (mean =3.60), peaceful resolution (mean = 3.53), and verbal warning (mean = 3.35) through traditional leaders (mean = 3.61), farmers association (mean = 3.35), police (mean = 2.26) and law court (mean = 2.17).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Content

Title page                                                                                                                                ii

Certification                                                                                                                            iii

Dedication                                                                                                                               iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                  v

Table of content                                                                                                                      vi

List of tables                                                                                                                          vii

Abstract                                                                                                                                  viii

1.1     Background of the study                                                                                            1

1.2       Problem statement                                                                                                      5

1.3       Objectives of the study                                                                                               7

1.4       Hypotheses of the study                                                                                             8

1.5       justification of the study                                                                                             8

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE  

2.1       Agriculture and Farming Systems                                                                             9

2.2       Farming Systems and Land Use                                                                                11

2.3       Arable Cropping System in Nigeria                                                                          12

2.4       The Cattle Herding System in Nigeria                                                                       13

2.5       Crop-Livestock Land Use Consensus                                                                        14

2.6       Socio-Economic Characteristics of Farmers in Kogi State                                       15

2.7       Conceptual Discus on Conflict                                                                                  16

2.8       Causes of Conflicts Between Nomads and Farmers                                                  18

2.9       An Overview of Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa                            20

2.10     Herdsmen and Farmers Relationship in Kogi State                                                  22

2.11     Extent of Farmer/Herder’s Conflict                                                                          23

2.12     Conflict and Farmers Income                                                                                    25

2.13     Farmers Coping Strategies to Herdsmen                                                                   26

2.14     Conflict Resolution, Management and Transformation                                            27

2.14.1  Conflict Resolution                                                                                                    27

2.14.2  Conflict management                                                                                                 28

2.14.3  Conflict transformation                                                                                             30

2.15     Cattle Grazing and Lethal Violence: Analysis of Trends Across Nigeria                 32

2.16     Theoretical Framework                                                                                              39

2.16.1  Theory of Conflict                                                                                                      39

2.16.2  The Eco-Violence Theory                                                                                             41

2.16.3  The Theory of Tragedy of the Commons                                                                     42

2.17     Analytical Framework                                                                                                  43

2.17.1  Likert Type Scale Rating Technique                                                                            44

2.17.2  Multiple regression analysis                                                                                         45

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1       The Study Area                                                                                                             47

3.2       Sampling Procedure                                                                                                      48

3.3       Method of Data Collection                                                                                           49

3.3.1    Validation and Reliability of Instrument                                                                      50

3.4       Data Analysis                                                                                                                50

3.4.1    Multiple Regression Analysis                                                                                       50

3.4.2    Likert Type Scale Rating Technique                                                                            51

3.5       Test of Hypotheses                                                                                                       51

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1:      Socio-economic Characteristics of Respondents                                                         52

4.2:      Major Causes of Conflict between Herdsmen and Farmers                                         54

4.3:      Extent of Agricultural and Socioeconomic Loses Incurred by Crop Farmers              55

4.4       Determinants of the Effect of Conflict on the Farmers Farm Income                          57

4.5       Farmers Coping Strategy                                                                                              60

4.6       Institutional and Government Strategies towards Resolving Conflict                         64

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1:      Summary                                                                                                                       66

5.2:      Conclusion                                                                                                                    68

5.3:      Recommendation                                                                                                          68

REFERENCES                                                                                                                    70

QUESTIONNAIRE                                                                                                              81      

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1          Background of the study

The Agricultural sector has always been an important component of Nigerian economy with over 70% of the population engaged in agriculture and agriculture related activities (Obasi & Agu, 2000). Crop and livestock agriculture is important in the life of most Nigerians as 50% to 80% of Nigerians are involved in crop, livestock or crop and livestock agriculture (Powell & Williams 1995).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 3139283609

Bank: FIRST BANK

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

AFFILIATE LINKS:

myeasyproject.com.ng

easyprojectmaterials.com

easyprojectmaterials.net.ng

easyprojectsmaterials.net.ng

easyprojectsmaterial.net.ng

easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

projectmaterials.com.ng

googleprojectsng.blogspot.com

myprojectsng.blogspot.com.ng

https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/

By admin

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *