DEMOCRACY, POLITICS AND CONFLICT IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC

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DEMOCRACY, POLITICS AND CONFLICT IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC

ABSTRACT

This work discusses democracy,politics and conflict in the fourth republic. Questionnaires were distributed among people from selected states in the country. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.

Primary and secondary data were used in the analysis. Simple percentages and tables were used as the instruments of analysis

It was observed therefore that conflict had a significant negative impact on Nigeria politics in the fourth republic. Also,there is a strong negative relationship between democracy in Nigeria and conflicts in its polity

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

There seems to be a growing body of literature on the relationship between democracy and violent conflict. It is argued democracy is a panacea to violent conflict; in fact, it is one of the measures the United Nations (UN) often advocate in their intervention efforts in war torn countries (Paris, 2004). However, others argued that democracy rather than been a solution to conflict, is a major driver of conflict (Keane 2010).

Election, an integral feature of democracy, has equally generated much controversy. For example, Rapoport and Weingberg (2001) cited in Hoglund, 2006) contended that competitive election facilitates peaceful transfer of power and makes it possible to assign accountability to those who govern, to others, democracy come at a price because violence attend most elections. Thus, many people lose their lives in connection to competitive elections (Hoglund, 2006).

Nigeria‘s fourth republic appears to be very chaotic, incessant violent conflict ranges from religious, identity to communal. Elaigwu (2005a) identified 17 major violent conflicts in Nigeria from May 1985 to May 1st 1999. However, from May 31, 1999 to June 2005 he identified at least 121 cases of conflicts in Nigeria. He attributed sudden increase in violent conflict in the country to: a strong central government; popular agitation for decentralised structure; dissatisfaction with the distribution of available resources; communal conflicts and demands by some sub-national groups for greater self- determination (Eliagwu, 2005b). He continued that the years of military rule suppressed these issues from exploding into uncontrollable conflagration. He likened the Nigerian polity as a bottle of wine, properly corked and airtight. With the dawn of democracy and the opening of the bottle, the wine explosively popped up (Eliagwu, 2005b). It appears the dawn of democracy provided the atmosphere to ventilate bottled-up frustrations, grievances and fears generously and often times recklessly (Adebanwi, 2004).

Though there are several works on conflicts in Nigeria, few appear to link violent conflict in Nigeria to democracy with particular focus on the fourth republic. For example, Haliru (2012), focused on ethnicity, Onapajo (2012), focused on religion and political violence, Saheed (2012) emphasized economic dimension of social conflicts in Nigeria.

It is against this backdrop that this paper examines democracy and violent conflict in Nigeria‘s fourth republic and its attendant implications for national development.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In an effort to maintain order in democracy and politics, sometimes politicians can actually make the problems worse. Therefore, it is important to consider some of the basic mistakes commonly made when implementing the strategies in enhancing effective election. For example, a common mistake made by politicians is to define the problem behavior by how it looks without considering its function.

Interventions are more likely to be effective when they are individualized to address the specific function of the problem behavior. Politicians need to understand that they need to be able to change the ways they do things from year to year, as the people change.

Inconsistency in expectations and consequences is an additional mistake that can lead to dysfunction. Leaders must be consistent in their expectations and consequences to help ensure that the people understand that rules will be enforced.

1.3 PURPOSE

The study is a critical analysis on democracy, politics and conflict in the fourth republic.

1.4 Objectives of the study

1. To understand how Politicians could take the issue of building and integrating the disparate groups in the country very seriously.

2. To come up with an acceptable formula for sharing federally collected revenue as this has been a vexed issue among the various groups in the country.

3. To understand if there is need to build the culture of peace among the citizenry and whether this will tone down the culture of violence people have already imbibed especially under military rule.

1.5 Research Questions

1. Should Nigerian politicians should take the issue of building and integrating the disparate groups in the country very seriously.

2.Should the Nigerian Government s come up with an acceptable formula for sharing federally collected revenue which has been a vexed issue among the various groups in the country.

3.Is there a need to build the culture of peace among the citizenry, and will it will tone down the culture of violence people have already imbibed especially under military rule.

1.6 Hypothesis

H1: Government could come up with an acceptable formula for sharing federally collected revenue as this has been a vexed issue among the various groups in the country.

H2: There is need to build the culture of peace among the citizenry as this will tone down the culture of violence people have already imbibed especially under military rule.

1.7 Limitations of the study

Uncooperative respondents, limited finance and time for the research were the limitations encountered in the course of the research work.

1.8 Definition of terms

Conflict: struggle over values and claims of scarce status, power and resources, in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralise, injure or eliminate their rivals

1.9 Development

Development exists when the central problems of poverty, unemployment and inequality have reduced from high level.

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