THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION IN THE CONDUCT OF 2025 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION IN ANAMBRA STATE,NIGERIA
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THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION IN THE CONDUCT OF 2025 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION IN ANAMBRA STATE,NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Elections represent the cornerstone of democratic governance, providing citizens with the opportunity to choose their leaders and participate in the political process. In Nigeria, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is constitutionally empowered to organize, conduct, and supervise elections into public offices at the federal and state levels (INEC, 2021). As the electoral umpire, the credibility and efficiency of INEC in managing the electoral process significantly determine the quality of democracy in the country (Omotola, 2010).
The conduct of governorship elections in Nigeria has historically faced challenges such as electoral malpractice, logistics failures, voter intimidation, security lapses, and inadequate voter education (Ibeanu, 2015). These challenges have raised concerns over the integrity and transparency of the electoral process. Given these recurring issues, the performance of INEC remains critical in ensuring that elections are free, fair, credible, and acceptable to the electorate.
Anambra State is known for its competitive political environment and history of highly contested elections due to its socio-political and economic relevance in southeastern Nigeria (Okechukwu, 2017). The 2025 governorship election is expected to be a defining moment for the state, as it will determine the future direction of governance, political leadership, and development in the region. The role of INEC in this election is therefore central to ensuring that the process reflects the will of the people.
As the nation continues to strengthen its democratic institutions, evaluating INEC’s preparedness, performance, and challenges in the conduct of elections becomes essential. This study focuses on assessing the role of INEC in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State, with emphasis on electoral logistics, technology, security collaboration, voter education, and adherence to legal frameworks.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite numerous electoral reforms and increased adoption of technology such as the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS), the Nigerian electoral process still grapples with challenges that undermine credibility. Previous elections in Anambra State have been marred by logistical delays, malfunctioning electoral technologies, voter apathy, allegations of vote buying, and security concerns (Nwokedi, 2019).
Moreover, confidence in INEC has fluctuated due to perceived inconsistencies in election management, late deployment of materials, and disputes over results (Ibeanu, 2015). As Anambra prepares for the 2025 governorship election, questions persist regarding INEC’s capacity to conduct a transparent, credible, and violence-free election.
There is therefore a need to critically examine INEC’s role in the planning, administration, monitoring, and supervision of the upcoming election. Understanding the strengths, limitations, and preparedness of INEC will help identify areas for improvement and contribute to strengthening democratic governance in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the role of the Independent National Electoral Commission in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State.
The specific objectives are to:
Assess INEC’s level of preparedness for the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State.
Examine the effectiveness of electoral logistics and technology deployed by INEC.
Evaluate INEC’s strategies for voter education and public enlightenment.
Investigate the role of security agencies in supporting INEC during the election.
Identify the major challenges faced by INEC in conducting the election.
1.4 Research Questions
How prepared is INEC for the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State?
How effective are the electoral logistics and technologies deployed by INEC?
What voter education strategies has INEC implemented for the election?
What roles do security agencies play in supporting INEC during the election?
What major challenges does INEC face in the conduct of the election?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
H₁: INEC’s level of preparedness significantly influences the credibility of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State.
H₂: Electoral technology and logistics deployed by INEC significantly affect the outcome of the election.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant because it provides insight into the operations, strengths, and weaknesses of INEC as Nigeria approaches the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State. It contributes to academic discourse on electoral governance and democratic consolidation in Nigeria (Omotola, 2010). Policymakers and electoral stakeholders will find the study useful for improving electoral processes and addressing gaps in planning and implementation.
Additionally, the findings will help civil society organizations, political parties, and the electorate understand the dynamics of election management and collaborate better with INEC. It also adds to existing literature by providing empirical evidence on INEC’s performance in contemporary elections.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses specifically on INEC’s role in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State. It covers INEC’s preparations, logistics, technology deployment, voter education, and coordination with security agencies. Geographically, the study is limited to selected local government areas in Anambra State.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
INEC: The Independent National Electoral Commission responsible for conducting elections in Nigeria.
Governorship Election: An electoral process through which the governor of a state is elected.
Electoral Technology: Digital tools such as BVAS used to enhance transparency and efficiency in election administration (INEC, 2021).
Voter Education: Awareness activities aimed at informing citizens about electoral processes and their civic responsibilities.
Election Credibility: The extent to which an election is judged to be free, fair, transparent, and reflective of the people’s will.
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